Peters



g DUE UHU EDU [IDN] [IUD UUE DDU DUI] I] METERS. PHOTULITHOGRAFHER. WASMINGTQN. d. C,

I o o o l@ Q n O J C n C RO E@ f, J 1 G o o o o n@ Y D w s v G r3 o n J O D@ [l G F n, n g o 1 o o -o o o o La El@ L-l [I D D E@ C' J c J o c o han@ [l c,

o o n [L D 5E@ c o o u o D@ o n n Y C) O G G C Q (9 D C) C O C 9 c, 0 Q l; D@ D e U D U C u O o r, o E@ l] [I di@ O O O O G o o DE [l J U f I] O L v1') 1 1 C (w N-PETEHS. PHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER, VIASSIINGTON, D. C.

n. c. BROOKS, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.f

Letters .Patent No. 82,283, dated September 22, 1'868. Y

tite-.Stimuli referrer tr in `tinte tter @anni autmrkng part nf tige same 'ro wHoM 1T MAY ooNcEnN:

` Beit known that I, H. Gf. BROOKS, of New York, in the county-and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Locomotive and-other Boilers; and I hereby declare thefoll'owing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference bing had to the accompanying drawings in whichg Figure 1 is a. transverse vertical section through the fire-box ofa locomotive-boi1er, made in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a section on the line A B,.iig. 1. l

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical central section of the boiler in fig. 1

l Figures 3 and 5 are, respectively, a longitudinal central section, and a transverse vertical section of alcoomotive fire-box, slightly diii'ering in construction from that represented in` the preceding figures.

The improvements which are the subject of this Vpatent relate to the means for obtainingmore perfect com. i'

bustion, and insuring thereby greater economy in the consumption of fuel in locomotive and other boilers.'

Various devices have heretofore been employed with more orless success to eli'ect the combustion of coals It is a well-known fact, however, that a large'proportion ofthe combustible gases generated by the combustion nf cual passers-oil` unconsumed, and that therefore a great portion of the combustible properties is not utilized.v

I attribute this want of economy to a failure to supply the reqdisite quantity of heated atmospheric air to the 1 solid fuel and products of combustion, as well as to a mistaken idea that a very large grate-surface is essential to burn coal successfully in locomotives.

l My improvement in this direction may be stated to consist- First, in the construction of the fire-box for the purpose of contracting the grate-surface of the ordinary a coal-burning tire-box, and extending from the .outer lines of such contracted surface lire-brick or castings of reclay, liberally provided with apertures, for the admission of ai-r at a greater or less-angle, the said' walls of firevner in which the same is or may be carried into eii'ect by reference to the accompanying drawings.

brick or castings being, at the bottom, from eight to ten inches distant from 'the side and end walls of the iirebox, and at the top resting against said side and end walls, so as to create a space for the heating of the air before it passes through the brick to mingle with the combustible products.A V'

Second, iu the arrangement of arched tire-brick or castings, to contract the mouth oflthe combustion# chamber, or that part of the fire-box through which 'the products of combustion pass to the iiues,l andto confine and'heat air. received through suitable conduits, and then transmit s uch highly-heated air through said brick at the point of contraction and concentration of the gaseous elements. l

Third, in the combination, with the hollow or perforated fire-brick, placed either in the fire-box or at the mouth or throat of the box, of c water-pipe, connected with the boiler, and supplied with` nozzles projecting ,a short distance into the perforations in the fire-brick. The water ejected through these nozzles or sprayers will vbe decomposed by impingement against the intensely-heated iire-briok, and the oxygen and hydrogen thus evolved will add greatly to the eiiiciency and economy of combustion.

To enable others skilled in thp art to understand and use my invention, AI will proceed to describe the mana a are the side and end walls of a loc'omotive fire-box, at the bottom of which is located the grate b. As

.hereinbefore indicated, I contract the grate-surface so that its outer lines shall be a suitable distance, say' from eight to ten inches, from the side and end walls a, as indicated fully in the drawings. From the outer I edges oi' the grate extend upwards the re-bric-k or castings, of fire-clay c, made especially for this purpose,

t which slant or are inclined, so that their upper ends shall rest against the side and end walls of the box. In

these fire-brick or castings are formed perforations or openings d, of a conical form, or contracted at their inner ends, and inclined upward at-a. greater or less angle, as may be desired. There is thus formed between the firee Abrick, and the walls of the box, a space or chamber, f, which .communicates freely with the ash-pan below, sc

that air taken in at the usual, openings in the ash-pan will not only pass. through the openings in the contracted grate-surface, but will also enter the space f, and, by Contact with: the intensely-heated tire-brick, become sufciently elevated in temperature to be immediately available fonniixture with the gases evolved from the burning fuel in the'box, the air passing, for this purpose, through the openings d, and impinging both against the solid fuel and the gaseous products of combustion. The fuel, inshort, burns in a sort of pot, whose'bottom is formed of iron .grates, and sides and-ends of perforated 're-br'ick, and in this manner the combustion ofthe fuel can be increased with great facility, simplicity, an'deconomy. .Y

In order to consume as far as possible all the products of combustion, I sometimes employ a pipe, g, cony nected with the boiler, and traversing the spacef, and provided with nozzles or sprayers z, at suitable distances apart, which, as shown in fig. l, project a short-distance into the perforations 0l in the fire-brick. The water ejected in a `nely-divided state from the nozzles under the boiler-pressure, will be immediately decomposed into its constituent gaseous element by contact with the intensely-heated fire-brick in its passage through them, and the oxygen and nitrogen thus evolved will, by mi'xture with the gaseous productions in the fire-pot, add greatly to the ciciency and economy of combustion.

Such of theproducts of combustion as remain unconsumed pass off through the mouth of the tire-chamber into the boiler-fines. In order to effect the combustion of these products, and to intensify the heat, I place in the mouth or upperpart of the combustion-chamber fire-brick, or castings of re-claym, in the manner shown in fig. 3, the brick being hollow or of an arched form, so asto enclose a space or cl1amber,rn, which is supplied with air through hollow stay-bolts p, or otherv suitable conduits. The air, .which is highly heated immediately by contact with the brick, is transmitted through perforations s in the inner faces ofthe brick, and mixes, just "at the point of contraction and concentration, with the yet'unconsumed gaseous products, causing the almost complete if not Ventire combustion of all the combustible gsemand'intensifying the heat to a great degree.

This feature of my invention is most important and valuable, and can be employed either alone or in con-v junction. with the others. v

If desired, a pipe, g, and nozzles 7i may be arranged with the chambery and perforatious s, in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth. .i I i I am aware Ithat fire-brick .have been used in {ire-boxes for the purpose of promoting combustion, but so far they have failed to give satisfactory results, for the vreason thatthe use of ire-brick without the presence of other elements does not'answer ,the requirement for the perfect combustion of either thehydrocarbons of bituminous coal orthe carbonio oxides of anthracite.

The conditions of combustion require a fixed, highly-elevated temperature, which alonecau be gained by the use of castings from fire-clay, or from some other material equally capable of absorbing and retaining a.

temperature of the requisite quality; and, in connection with such absorbedifixed temperature forcontact and deflection, a device which shall confine and elevate the temperature of a sufficient quantity of atmospheric air, and supply it in a highly-heated state to the solid fuel and combustible gases evolved from such fuel. These results are realized by my invention, comprising, as it does, devices for both retaining the required temperature, and supplying the requisite quantity of heated air to the combustible gases, which would otherwise pass off unconsuined.

Having now described my invention, and the manner in which the/same is or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is*

l. The arrangement, in the fire-box of a locomotive or other boiler, of perforated tire-brick walls, extending upwards divergingly from the contracted grate-surface to the walls of the fire-box, substantially as set forth.-

2. The arrangement, in the upper part or mouth of the combustion-chamber or fire-box, of arched or hollow perforated fire-brick, or castings of hre-clay, communicating with air-conduits in the manner described, so that the atmospheric air received through such conduits may be highly heated within said brick or-castings, and

then disebarged from the same into the combustion-chamber at the point of contraction and concentration of v the combustible gases evolved from the fuel in the re-bo'X. A

3'. rlhe combination, with the perforated fire-brick, of a water-supply pipe, communicating with the boiler, and provided with a series of nozzles or sprayers, arranged partly within the perforations'in the hre-brick, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

H. Gr. BROOKS.

Witnesses:

M. L. HINsiAN, JNO. W. ROMAINE. 

